470 B.C.E. — 399 B.C.E.
Socrates, who lived from 470 B.C.E. to 399 B.C.E., is considered as one of the founders of Western Philosophy, known for his philsophical inquiry, the Socratic Method. His way of executing this method was to act ignorant and humble.
323 B.C.E. — 32 B.C.E.
The Hellinistic Period was a time of great cultural diffusion for Greek ideals, as Alexander the Great conquered much of the known world.
Mid 4th C. B.C.E.
The Greek philosopher Antisthenes is the founder of Cynicism. He was influenced by Socrates' teachings on virtue and ethical living. Cynicism focused on self-sufficiency, simplicity, virtue, and served as a critique to luxury.
334 B.C.E. — 262 B.C.E.
Zeno is the founder of the Stoic School of Philsophy, in which he taught in Athens, Greece. One of his teachings included that Logos (universal reason) was the greatest good and once should life their life in accordance with it. He was influenced by Cynic teachings.
27 B.C.E
The influence of Stoicism becomes more integrated in order to understand the plight of governing a vast empire.
4 B.C.E. — 65 C.E.
Seneca was a Roman Stoic Philosopher famously known for his writings on how to live a virtuous life, partially detailed in "Letters from a Stoic".
55 C.E. — 135 C.E.
Epictetus was a slave in Rome until he was freed by his master. He was a student of Stoicism and taught in Rome, particularly focusing on what is within our control vs. not, and how to develop tranquility in the face of adversity.
121 C.E. — 180 C.E.
Marcus Aurelius was the Roman Emperor from 161 C.E. to 180 C.E. His main work is "Meditations", in which he contemplates the plight of ruling an empire, and how to live a good life, performing duties accordingly to uplift society.
19th/ 20th C., C.E.
Stoicism has had ups and downs since the past 2 millenia. However, it has seen a resurgence in the 20th century, with many people finding value in the teachings of the ancient Stoics, and self-help books incorporating Stoic ideals into our daily lives.
